Building a stepper motor driver.
I’ve been working on trying to learn more about stepper motors. In the past month or so I’ve learned that there are two varieties of stepper motor: Unipolar and bipolar (and sometimes both!). In all of the research I’ve been doing I came across a lot of great resources. They are listed at the end of this post.
All of my interest in stepper motors comes from the fact that the Robotics Club recently received a large supply of nice stepper motors and because the original spray painting graffiti bot, Hektor, as well as some other recent Hektor-esque bots, used stepper motors for its control. The particular motors that the Robotics Club obtained are 6-wire stepper motors. This means they can be used as either unipolar or bipolar steppers. This is very useful because it gives me a larger range of control options. However, the motors run at an odd voltage (3.68 volts) which limits the range of available drivers ( I’ve only found 2 capable of driving these motors). Due to the lack of available motor drivers for all these stepper motors we now have, I decided to build my own.
After doing some looking, I decided to control the motors in unipolar mode because the control circuit is simpler. The circuit I build, which is based on this one, is basically 4 Darlington transistors which are used to toggle the coils on and off and some diodes for protection. The stepper motor driver turns each one of the four half coils in the stepper motor on and off sequentially to drive it. The original circuit uses a L297 stepper motor driver to handle sending signals to the Darlingtons, but, I didn’t have any on hand, so I just sent the signals sequentially from and Arduino.
To test the circuit, I didn’t want to potentially harm one of the nice stepper motors we have, so I was using an old stepper motor out of an IBM floppy drive. I couldn’t find documentation so I couldn’t figure out what order to toggle the coils to properly step the motor. I was able to get it to step some, but never rotate continuously. It would step a bit one way, and then step back. I believe my control circuit was ok, because the motor was able to step some. The issue at this point may be the motor itself (just having it hooked up incorrectly) or my code.
I’m going to keep working with this circuit, maybe get an L297 to try out, or I’ve know some people who have used shift registers to accomplish the stepping. I’m also going to try this out on some other motors as well. Hopefully I will soon have a nice inexpensive stepper motor driver that other people in the club will be able to use for these nice motors we have.
List of stepper motor resources:
- HobbyCNC
- http://www.hobbycnc.com/
- Has some nice information, and points at more
- Wikipedia Labs/Books
- http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Practical_Electronics/Stepper_Motors
- Some good general information on steppers, and some control circuits
- Northwestern University LIMS wiki
- http://hades.mech.northwestern.edu/index.php/Unipolar_Stepper_Motor_Driver_Circuit
- Great control circuit for unipolar steppers. Mine is based on this one
- Iowa University Stepper Motor Tutorial
- http://www.cs.uiowa.edu/~jones/step/
- Lots of info about steppers
